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1.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 20(4): 414-419, dic 2020. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1150745

ABSTRACT

Introducción: La aspiración de un cuerpo extraño (CE) a la vía aérea tiene una morbilidad y mortalidad significativas. El tratamiento endoscópico es el procedimiento de elección aunque algunos sostienen la cirugía como método terapéutico en los casos crónicos. Nuestro objetivo es presentar cuatro casos de aspiración de CE en la vía aérea de más de 1 mes de evolución (crónicos), resaltar su clínica y la técnica terapéutica. Material y Métodos: En este estudio retrospectivo, observacional se analizan los datos de 4 pacientes adultos con aspiración de cuerpo extraño de más de 1 mes de evolución. Algunos con comorbilidades como diabetes, EPOC, asma bronquial en los que mediante estudios de imagen se obtuvo la sospecha de cuerpo extraño en la vía aérea. Todos fueron tratados por vía endoscópica sin complicaciones. Resultados: Presentamos 4 casos de pacientes adultos, de ambos sexos, con diagnóstico de CE en la vía aérea; edad promedio de 48 años. En dos casos existió un evento claro de broncoaspiración, todos recibieron tratamiento médico dirigido hacia otras causas durante un tiempo mayor a 5 meses. La confirmación de la presencia de un CE fue por broncoscopía flexible. El tratamiento en todos los pacientes fue con endoscopía rígida sin complicaciones. Conclusiones: Un alto índice de sospecha es esencial para el diagnóstico de CE en la vía aérea. La broncoscopía flexible es el mejor método de diagnóstico y la broncoscopía rígida en nuestra experiencia, el método de elección para la extracción de CE crónicos


Introduction: The aspiration of a foreign body (FB) into the airway has significant morbidity and mortality. Endoscopic treatment is the treatment of choice, though some consider surgery as the therapeutic method in chronic cases. Our purpose is to present four cases of FB aspiration into the airway with more than 1 month of evolution (chronic), and to describe their clinical status and therapeutic technique. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective, observational study we analyse the data of 4 adult patients with foreign body aspiration with more than 1 month of evolution. In some patients with comorbidities, such as diabetes, COPD and bronchial asthma, suspicion of foreign body in the airway was obtained through imaging studies. All the patients were treated by endoscopic route with no complications. Results: We present 4 cases of adult patients, males and females, diagnosed with FB in the airway; mean age 48 years. Two cases showed a clear event of bronchoaspiration; all received medical treatment focused on other causes for more than 5 months. The presence of a FB was confirmed through flexible bronchoscopy. Treatment of all patients was carried out through rigid endoscopy, with no complications. Conclusions: A high index of suspicion is essential for the diagnosis of FB in the airway. Flexible bronchoscopy is the best diagnostic method, and rigid bronchoscopy, in our experience, is the treatment of choice for the removal of chronic FBs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bronchoscopy , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive , Endoscopy , Foreign Bodies
2.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 69(2): 115-121, Mar.-Apr. 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003401

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background and objectives: Preoperative fasting may lead to undesirable effects in the surgical patient in whom there is a stimulus to ingesting clear liquids until 2 hours before anesthesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gastric emptying of two different solutions using ultrasound. Methods: In a prospective, randomized, blind study, 34 healthy volunteers ingested 200 mL of two solutions without residues in two steps: an isotonic solution with carbohydrates, electrolytes, osmolarity of 292 mOsm.L-1, and 36 kcal; and other nutritional supplementation with carbohydrates, proteins, electrolytes, osmolarity of 680 mO.L-1, and 300 kcal. After 2 hours, a gastric ultrasound was performed to assess the antrum area and gastric volume, and the relation of gastric volume to weight (vol.w-1), whose value above 1.5 mL.kg-1 was considered a risk for bronchoaspiration. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There was a significant difference between all parameters evaluated 2 hours after the ingestion of nutritional supplementation compared to fasting. The same occurred when the parameters between isotonic solution and nutritional supplementation were compared 2 hours after ingestion. Only one patient had vol.w-1 <1.5 mL.kg-1 2 hours after ingestion of nutritional supplementation; and only one had vol.w-1 >1.5 mL.kg-1 after ingestion of isotonic solution. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that gastric emptying of equal volumes of different solutions depends on their constitution. Those with high caloric and high osmolarity, and with proteins present, 2 hours after ingestion, increased the gastric volumes, which is compatible with the risk of gastric aspiration.


Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: O jejum pré-operatório pode levar a efeitos indesejáveis no paciente cirúrgico, em que há um estimulo à ingestão de líquidos sem resíduos até 2 horas antes da anestesia. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o esvaziamento gástrico de duas soluções diferentes por meio da ultrassonografia. Métodos: Em um estudo prospectivo, randomizado, cego, 34 voluntários saudáveis ingeriram 200 mL de duas soluções sem resíduos, em duas etapas: uma solução isotônica com carboidratos, eletrólitos, osmolaridade de 292 mOsm.L-1 e 36 kcal; e outra suplementação nutricional, com carboidratos, proteínas, eletrólitos, osmolaridade de 680 mOs.L-1 e 300 kcal. Após 2 horas, fez-se ultrassonografia gástrica com avaliação da área do antro e volume gástrico e relação do volume gástrico sobre o peso (vol.p-1), cujo valor acima de 1,5 mL.kg-1 foi considerado risco para broncoaspiração. Considerou-se p< 0,05 como estatisticamente significativo. Resultados: Houve diferença significativa entre todos os parâmetros avaliados 2 horas após a ingestão de suplementação nutricional em relação ao jejum. O mesmo ocorreu quando foram comparados os parâmetros entre solução isotônica e suplementação nutricional 2 horas após a ingestão. Apenas um paciente apresentou vol.p-1< 1,5 mL.kg-1 2 horas após a ingestão de suplementação nutricional; e apenas um apresentou vol.p-1 > 1,5 mL.kg-1, após a ingestão de solução isotônica. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou que o esvaziamento gástrico de volumes iguais de diferentes soluções depende de sua constituição. Aqueles com alto valor calórico e alta osmolaridade, e com proteínas presentes, 2 horas após a ingestão, aumentaram os volumes gástricos, compatíveis com o risco de aspiração gástrica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Ultrasonography/methods , Dietary Supplements , Gastric Emptying/physiology , Isotonic Solutions/administration & dosage , Osmolar Concentration , Stomach/diagnostic imaging , Energy Intake/physiology , Carbohydrates/administration & dosage , Proteins/administration & dosage , Prospective Studies , Fasting/psychology , Electrolytes/administration & dosage
3.
Rev. bras. anestesiol ; 67(4): 376-382, July-aug. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-897739

ABSTRACT

Abstract Background and objectives: The current preoperative fasting guidelines allow fluid intake up to 2 h before surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the gastric volume of volunteers after an overnight fast and compare it with the gastric volume 2 h after ingestion of 200 and 500 mL of isotonic solution, by means of ultrasound assessment. Method: Eighty volunteers underwent gastric ultrasound at three times: after 8 h of fasting; 2 h after ingestion of 200 mL isotonic saline, followed by the first scan; and on another day, 2 h after ingestion of 500 mL of the same solution after an overnight fast. The evaluation was quantitative (antrum area and gastric volume, and the ratio of participants' gastric volume/weight) and qualitative (absence or presence of gastric contents on right lateral decubitus and supine positions. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant). Results: There was no difference in quantitative variables at measurement times (p > 0.05). Five volunteers (6.25%) had a volume/weight over 1.5 mL kg-1 at fasting and 2 h after ingestion of 200 mL and 6 (7.5%) after 500 mL. Qualitatively, the presence of gastric fluid occurred in more volunteers after fluid ingestion, especially 500 mL (18.7%), although not statistically significant. Conclusion: Ultrasound assessment of gastric volume showed no significant difference, both qualitative and quantitative, 2 h after ingestion of 200 mL or 500 mL of isotonic solution compared to fasting, although gastric fluid content has been identified in more volunteers, especially after ingestion of 500 mL isotonic solution.


Resumo Justificativa e objetivos: As diretrizes recentes de jejum pré-operatório permitem a ingestão de líquidos até 2 horas antes da cirurgia. O objetivo do presente estudo foi, por meio de ultrassonografia gástrica, avaliar o volume gástrico de voluntários após jejum noturno e comparar com o volume gástrico duas horas após a ingestão de 200 e 500 ml de solução isotônica. Método: Foram submetidos à ultrassonografia gástrica 80 voluntários em três momentos: após jejum de 8 horas; 2 horas após a ingestão de 200 ml de solução isotônica, seguida do primeiro exame; e, em outro dia, 2 horas após a ingestão de 500 ml da mesma solução, após jejum noturno. A avaliação foi quantitativa (área do antro e volume gástricos e relação volume gástrico/peso dos participantes) e qualitativa, pela ausência ou presença de conteúdo gástrico nas posições de decúbito lateral direito e supina. Foi considerado significante p < 0,05. Resultados: Não houve diferença nas variáveis quantitativas nos três momentos estudados (p > 0,05). Cinco voluntários (6,25%) apresentaram um volume/peso superior a 1,5 ml.kg-1 em jejum e 2 horas após a ingestão de 200 ml e seis (7,5%) após 500 ml. Qualitativamente, a presença de líquido gástrico ocorreu em mais voluntários após a ingestão de líquidos, principalmente de 500 ml (18,7%), embora sem significância estatística. Conclusão: O volume gástrico pela ultrassonografia não apresenta diferença significativa tanto qualitativa quanto quantitativa, 2 horas após a ingestão de 200 ml ou de 500 ml de solução isotônica em comparação com o jejum, embora conteúdo líquido gástrico tenha sido identificado em mais voluntários, principalmente após a ingestão de 500 ml de solução isotônica.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Stomach/anatomy & histology , Stomach/diagnostic imaging , Isotonic Solutions/administration & dosage , Organ Size , Stomach/physiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Ultrasonography , Eating
4.
Rev. habanera cienc. méd ; 12(4): 0-0, oct,.dic. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-697523

ABSTRACT

Introducción: los cuerpos extraños bronquiales en pacientes adultos constituyen una entidad clínica poco frecuente. La localización más habitual para un cuerpo extraño de vías respiratorias es el bronquio principal derecho. Objetivo: reflejar lo difícil que resulta en ocasiones diagnosticar un cuerpo extraño como causa de tos y disnea en un paciente adulto. Presentación del Caso: paciente de 72 años de edad, sin clínica respiratoria previa. Relata la enferma que 5 meses antes de acudir a nuestro Centro se encontraba tomando sopa, cuando nota como si hubiese "broncoaspirado algo", inicialmente comienza con "tos seca y sensación de ahogo", que cede espontáneamente pero no desaparece. Acude a nuestro hospital y se realiza fibrobroncoscopía observándose la presencia de un cuerpo extraño (hueso de pollo) a nivel de bronquio del lóbulo superior izquierdo procediéndose a su extracción. Conclusiones: en presencia de un paciente con tos y disnea después de un cuadro de broncoaspiración se debe tener en cuenta el diagnóstico de aspiración de un cuerpo extraño y la extracción de este resulta la solución definitiva.


Introduction: the bronchial strange bodies in adult patient constitute a clinic entity a little frequent. The more frequent location for strange body of respiratory tract is the right main bronchial. Objective: to show the difficulty to diagnose a foreign body as cause of cough and dyspnea in an adult patient. Case presentation: a patient of 72 years old is presented, without a previous respiratory clinic. The sick patient report that 5 month before going to our center, she was having soup, when she notes as if she had bronchoaspired something, first she started with a dry cough and a sensation of shortness of breath, which cedes spontaneously but didn't disappear. She came up to our hospital we made a fibrobronchoscopy to her, we could observe the presence of strange body (chicken bone) to the left upper lobule of the bronchial level; therefore we proceeded with the extraction of it. Conclusions: in the case of a patient presenting with cough and dyspnea after bronchoaspired something it is essential to take into account the diagnosis of the foreign body and the remove of strange body is the definitive solution.

5.
Rev. cuba. med. mil ; 39(2): 157-162, mar.-jun. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-584893

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: reflejar lo difícil que resulta en ocasiones diagnosticar un cuerpo extraño como causa de infección respiratoria y disnea en un paciente adulto y describir la maniobra de extracción. DESCRIPCIÓN: se presenta un paciente de 50 años de edad, del sexo masculino, con antecedentes de epilepsia, quien presentó convulsiones y cayó al suelo. Se trató por episodios de bronconeumonía a repetición sin solucionar completamente el cuadro clínico. Se siguió con el diagnóstico de una tumoración pulmonar con lesiones inflamatorias sobreañadidas por los resultados de la tomografía, radiografías de tórax y broncoscopias, hasta que teniendo en cuenta el antecedente de un episodio convulsivo antes del cuadro respiratorio y luego de repetir los estudios, se diagnosticó la presencia de un cuerpo extraño en las vías respiratorias. INTERVENCIÓN: se realizó broncoscopia con un fibrobroncoscopio, necesitándose que el paciente se mantuviera en posición Trendelemburg máxima y se trasladó el cuerpo extraño, retirándolo en bloque (broncoscopio y tubo endotraqueal) hasta región subglótica. Por el gran diámetro del cuerpo extraño que no permitía pasarlo por el tubo endotraqueal, fue necesario extubar al paciente y en una maniobra rápida se introdujo el instrumental quirúrgico en laringe y con la pinza cocodrilo se extrajo una piedra de 3,1 cm. El paciente egresó sin complicaciones. CONCLUSIONES: en presencia de un paciente con tos y disnea después de un cuadro convulsivo o pérdida de conciencia, se debe tener en cuenta el diagnóstico de aspiración de un cuerpo extraño. La extracción del cuerpo extraño resulta la solución definitiva.


OBJECTIVE: to show the difficulty to diagnose a foreign body as cause of respiratory infection and dyspnoea in an adult patient and to describe the remove manoeuvre. DESCRIPTION: this is the case of a male patient aged 50 with a history of epilepsy, convulsions and falls over. He was treated due to repeated bronchopneumonia episodes without solution of clinical picture. In follow-up he was diagnosed of pulmonary tumor with inflammatory lesions added on top of the tomography, thorax X-rays and bronchoscopy results and taking into account the background of a convulsion episode before the respiratory picture and after repetition of studies, the presence of a foreign body in airways was diagnosed. INTERVENTION: a bronchoscopy with fibro-bronchoscope was performed with patient in maximal Trendelemburg position to move the foreign body removing it in block (bronchoscope and endotracheal tube) up to subglottic region. Due to the large size of the foreign body to be passed by the endotracheal tube, it was necessary to the extubation and in a fast manoeuvre the surgical instruments were introduced into the larynx and using a crocodile tongs, it was possible to extract a 3.1 cm calculus. The patient was discharged without complications. CONCLUSIONS: in the case of a patient presenting with cough and dyspnoea after a convulsion picture or consciousness loss, it is essential to take into account the diagnosis of the foreign body remove which is the definitive solution.

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